The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.